Vitamin D in Vancouver: What You Need to Know About Deficiency, Sunlight, and Supplementation

Written by Evelyn Calado, MKin, CSCS, RKin

Living in Vancouver means dealing with long, dark winters and very little direct sunlight. Because vitamin D is made in the skin through UVB exposure, people living at northern latitudes are at a much higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. Even active people who train regularly or spend time outdoors often assume they are getting enough, but research shows that vitamin D levels are commonly low in Canada (and globally too). For athletes, lifters, and anyone trying to support their health, recovery, and immune system, understanding how vitamin D works can make a meaningful difference.

What Vitamin D Actually Does

Vitamin D is often associated with bone health; and yes, it helps the body absorb calcium. But that’s just one of its many jobs.

Vitamin D is technically a fat-soluble hormone, and it interacts with receptors throughout the body. It plays a key role in:

• Immune function

• Inflammation regulation

• Muscle strength and recovery

• Mood and cognitive health

• Bone remodeling and density

Vitamin D receptors are found in immune cells, muscle cells, and even in the brain. So when you’re low, it doesn’t just affect your bones; it can impact recovery, training capacity, and even your ability to fight off colds or feel mentally sharp.

Most People Are Deficient and Don’t Know It

Multiple studies have shown that a large percentage of the population is vitamin D deficient, especially in northern latitudes.

If you live in Vancouver or anywhere else north of the 49th parallel, the odds are stacked against you. From October to April, we don’t get enough UVB rays from the sun for the body to produce vitamin D naturally. Even in summer, many people are indoors most of the day. And here’s something most people don’t realize: Wearing sunscreen blocks UVB rays, which are required for vitamin D synthesis.

To be clear, I am not telling anyone to skip sunscreen entirely or to intentionally burn themselves. Be smart. But understand that even if you go outside, if you’re wearing sunscreen, your body may still not be making enough vitamin D.

Vitamin D Recommendations for Athletes and Active Adults

In Canada, the current Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin D is:

• 600 IU per day for individuals aged 9 to 70

• 800 IU per day for adults over 70

These recommendations, established by Health Canada and the Institute of Medicine (Ross et al., 2010), are designed to prevent deficiency and maintain bone health. They aim to keep serum 25(OH)D above 50 nmol per L, which is considered the minimum threshold for sufficiency in the general population.

However, this RDA was created exclusively around bone-related outcomes, not broader health, immune, or performance considerations. Because of this, many vitamin D researchers argue that these intake levels are too low for individuals seeking optimal health or performance, including athletes (Heaney and Holick, 2011; Holick et al., 2011; Cannell et al., 2009).

Higher Intake Recommendations for Those With Limited Sun Exposure

The Endocrine Society provides a more practical guideline for people who do not obtain regular sun exposure, recommending:

• 1,500 to 2,000 IU per day of vitamin D3 (Holick et al., 2011)

This aligns closely with what I was taught in my graduate sport nutrition coursework.
Around 2,000 IU per day from autumn through spring can help maintain sufficient levels.

In some cases, individuals may still require additional supplementation in summer depending on lifestyle, skin pigmentation, indoor training, and geographic location.

Vitamin D Toxicity: Extremely Rare

Vitamin D toxicity is very uncommon and typically results from accidental consumption of extremely high supplemental doses due to manufacturing errors (Cannell et al., 2008; Holick, 2007).

Key safety points:

• Ten thousand IU per day for up to five months has not been shown to cause toxicity in research (Holick, 2007)

• Sunlight cannot cause vitamin D toxicity because the body naturally limits how much vitamin D it produces

My Experience with High-Dose Supplementation

For the past four years, I have personally taken ten thousand IU per day of vitamin D3. I recently paid for a private vitamin D blood test through LifeLabs. Despite consistently taking what is considered a high dose, my bloodwork showed I was only in the middle of the normal reference range.

This is not a prescription or suggestion that others should follow my exact protocol. It is simply to illustrate that if someone supplementing aggressively is barely hitting mid-range values, many others may be even lower than they realize.

When and How to Take Vitamin D

• Take vitamin D with a meal that contains fat to enhance absorption

• Always pair it with vitamin K2, to ensure proper calcium utilization and reduce any risk of calcification in the arteries

• Ideally take it earlier in the day as vitamin D may influence circadian rhythms and melatonin production

Who Should Supplement

If you live in Canada, especially Vancouver or anywhere with long winters, the odds are high that your vitamin D levels are not optimal. Athletes, in particular, benefit from maintaining sufficient levels for:

• Bone health and density

• Immune support during periods of high training stress

• Recovery and muscle repair

• Mood and mental focus

Even if you are not experiencing symptoms, a blood test is the only way to know for sure. Ask your doctor or healthcare provider for a requisition. In BC, you can also request private testing through LifeLabs.

If you want support building a training plan the improves recovery, strength, and overall health, you can learn more about our services.

Key Takeaways

• Vitamin D is essential for health, performance, and recovery

• Most Canadians are low due to latitude, climate, and indoor living

• Sunscreen blocks UVB rays needed to produce vitamin D

• Six hundred to eight hundred IU per day may not be enough, especially for athletes

• Vitamin D3 should be taken with fat and paired with K2

• Blood testing is the only way to confirm your status

• Always consult with a healthcare professional before making changes to your supplement routine

Bottom Line: Everyone Should At Least Consider It

In my opinion, almost everyone in Vancouver should be supplementing with vitamin D, especially through the fall and winter. It supports immunity, recovery, mood, and bone health. Unless you’re getting regular blood work, you probably don’t know if you are low.

For athletes and lifters, it is a low-cost, high-reward investment in your long-term health and performance.

Disclaimer

This post is intended for educational purposes only. I am a strength and conditioning coach, not a medical professional. Please consult your doctor or a registered healthcare provider before beginning any supplement protocol.

References

Cannell, J. J., Hollis, B. W., Sorenson, M. B., Taft, T. N., and Anderson, J. J. (2009).
Athletic performance and vitamin D.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41, 1102 to 1110.

Cannell, J. J., Hollis, B. W., Zasloff, M., and Heaney, R. P. (2008).
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 9, 107 to 118.

Heaney, R. P., and Holick, M. F. (2011).
Why the IOM recommendations for vitamin D are deficient.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 26, 455 to 457.

Holick, M. F. (2007).
Vitamin D deficiency.
New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 266 to 281.

Holick, M. F., Binkley, N. C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Gordon, C. M., Hanley, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Murad, M. H., and Weaver, C. M. (2011).
Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Ross, A. C., Taylor, C. L., Yaktine, A. L., and Del Valle, H. B. (2010).
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D.
National Academies Press.

Supporting Young Athletes: Nutrition and the Role of Creatine

As youth athletes strive to enhance their performance, understanding proper nutrition and supplementation becomes essential. For young athletes involved in intense training, the right dietary choices can make a significant difference in their athletic development. Here, we’ll explore the importance of nutrition for muscle growth, the role of creatine, and considerations for its safe use.

The Importance of Nutrition for Young Athletes

Youth athletes often face high training demands, balancing school, sports, and recovery. Meeting nutritional needs is crucial for optimal performance and muscle development.

1. Macronutrient Breakdown: To support lean muscle mass, a well-rounded diet should include adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fats:

   • Protein: Aim for 1.4-2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight. Protein aids in muscle repair and growth, which is essential for resistance training sessions.

   • Carbohydrates:

     • For athletes training 1-3 hours per day, a target of 6-10 grams per kilogram of body weight is beneficial to ensure adequate energy levels.

     • For those training approximately 60 minutes per day, a target of 5-7 grams per kilogram of body weight is usually sufficient to support energy needs.

   • Fats: Healthy fats should make up about 25-30% of total daily caloric intake, supporting overall health and hormone production.

2. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is crucial, particularly when engaging in intense training sessions. Proper hydration supports recovery and performance.

3. Recovery: Emphasizing rest and recovery is essential for young athletes. Quality sleep and active recovery days help the body adapt and grow stronger.

The Role of Creatine

Creatine is one of the most researched supplements in sports nutrition, known for its potential to enhance strength and muscle mass. While typically associated with older athletes, creatine can be safe and beneficial for youth athletes when used responsibly.

1. Safety and Dosage: Recent research indicates that a daily dose of 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate is sufficient for young athletes. Unlike previous recommendations, a loading phase is no longer necessary. It’s important to monitor hydration levels, as creatine can cause muscles to retain water.

2. Benefits: For young athletes, creatine can support:

   • Increased power output during resistance training.

   • Improved recovery between training sessions.

   • Enhanced overall performance in sports.

3. Consultation: Before starting any supplementation, it's wise to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and training goals.

Conclusion

For young athletes committed to improving their performance, nutrition plays a pivotal role in their development. By focusing on a balanced diet and considering safe supplementation options like creatine, young athletes can effectively support their training and growth.

Note: These recommendations are general and may not be suitable for everyone. It's always best to consult with a registered dietitian or healthcare professional to tailor nutrition plans to individual needs.

Maintaining a foundation of proper nutrition, hydration, and recovery is crucial to long-term success in sports.

The Power of Creatine: A Must-Have Supplement for All

Introduction

In the dynamic landscape of fitness and wellness, one supplement consistently outshines the rest in terms of proven benefits: creatine. This blog post will delve into the intricacies of creatine, demystifying its nature, examining the optimal dosage—taking into account the evolving research and highlighting why it holds the prestigious title of the safest and most extensively researched supplement in history. We will also explore its pivotal role in mitigating sarcopenia (muscle loss) among older adults, the groundbreaking research suggesting positive impacts on brain health and cognition, the remarkable synergy it shares with strength training, and its association with potentially improving bone health, particularly in defying the aging process.

Creatine 101: Navigating the Basics

Creatine, a naturally occurring compound found in certain foods and synthesized within the body, has become a cornerstone in the fitness world. Its primary function lies in energy production during high-intensity activities by replenishing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's energy currency.

Proper Dosage: A Shift in Perspective

Traditionally, creatine supplementation has involved a loading phase, where individuals consume higher doses for a brief period before settling into a maintenance phase. However, recent research challenges this approach. Current findings suggest that a loading phase may not be necessary, and individuals can achieve optimal creatine levels through a consistent, lower daily dosage—typically in the range of 3-5 grams.

Safety First: The Gold Standard of Supplements

Creatine's safety profile is unparalleled in the world of supplements. Extensive research supports its long-term use, with minimal side effects, often limited to mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some users. As a testament to its safety, creatine has become a staple not only for athletes but also for those seeking a reliable and risk-free supplement to enhance their overall well-being.

Sarcopenia and Creatine: Defying the Aging Process

Before delving into creatine's role, let's understand sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, a condition that can significantly impact an individual's mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. The synergy between creatine supplementation and resistance training proves instrumental in preserving muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in the elderly. This not only addresses the physical aspects of aging but can also contribute to a higher quality of life by reducing the risk of falls and fractures associated with muscle weakness.

Defying the Aging Process: A Boost for Bone Density

In the quest to defy the aging process, creatine's benefits extend beyond muscle preservation. Recent research suggests a positive association between creatine supplementation and improved bone health in the elderly. While the effects may not be pronounced with low doses and without resistance training, higher doses and the implementation of an appropriate resistance training program could prove to be the missing link. The potential for enhanced bone density adds another layer to creatine's role in promoting overall skeletal health, complementing its established benefits in muscle preservation.

Unlocking Strength: The Synergy of Creatine and Strength Training

When it comes to maximizing strength gains and optimizing performance, few natural combinations prove as potent as creatine supplementation paired with strength training. This dynamic duo has garnered attention and acclaim for its remarkable synergistic effects, offering a multitude of benefits that go beyond what either element can achieve in isolation.

1. Enhanced Muscle Creatine Phosphate Stores:

Creatine is stored in muscles as creatine phosphate, a crucial component in the rapid production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. Supplementing with creatine increases the muscle's creatine phosphate stores, enabling more rapid and sustained energy production during high-intensity activities such as strength training. This heightened energy availability translates into increased power and endurance, allowing for more prolonged and intense training sessions.

2. Improved Strength and Power Output:

Strength training aims to stimulate muscle growth and increase power and force production. Creatine supplementation complements these goals by enhancing the muscle's ability to generate energy, leading to improved strength and power output. Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often experience an increase in the number of repetitions they can perform and the amount of weight they can lift, ultimately contributing to more significant gains in muscle mass and overall strength.

3. Faster Recovery and Reduced Fatigue:

Intense strength training sessions can induce muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Creatine's role in replenishing ATP rapidly aids in recovery between sets and workouts. Individuals supplementing with creatine often report reduced muscle soreness, allowing for quicker return to training and overall better adherence to a consistent training routine.

4. Increased Lean Muscle Mass:

Strength training, combined with creatine supplementation, becomes a potent catalyst for muscle growth. The increased workload and enhanced recovery provided by creatine contribute to the development of lean muscle mass. This not only improves physical appearance but also boosts metabolism, promoting a more efficient calorie burn and supporting long-term weight management goals.

5. Adaptations at the Cellular Level:

Creatine's impact extends beyond immediate energy production. It triggers cellular adaptations, such as increased water content in muscle cells (cell volumization), which creates an optimal environment for muscle growth. Additionally, creatine has been shown to promote the synthesis of certain proteins involved in muscle repair and hypertrophy.

6. Versatility in Training Modalities:

Whether engaged in traditional weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, or a particular sport, creatine proves versatile in enhancing various forms of training and sports performance. Its benefits are not limited to a specific training style, making it a valuable asset for individuals pursuing diverse fitness and athletic goals.

Unlocking Cognitive Potential: Creatine and Brain Health

Beyond its physical benefits, creatine's influence extends to the realm of cognitive function and brain health. Recent studies suggest that creatine supplementation may enhance memory, attention, and overall cognitive performance. The neuroprotective properties of creatine make it a promising avenue for preventing neurodegenerative diseases and addressing age-related cognitive decline.

Conclusion

In the realm of supplements, few have endured the scrutiny of time like creatine. With over 30 years of rigorous research vouching for its safety and effectiveness, there's practically no reason not to consider creatine as a fundamental part of your routine.

To sum it up, creatine's established history includes muscle preservation, potential cognitive benefits, improvements in bone health and an enhancement in physical performance when coupled with strength training. With a safety profile that stands out, creatine monohydrate emerges as a straightforward choice for those seeking its benefits.

In essence, creatine isn't a miracle worker; it's a tried-and-true companion, helping you inch closer to your health and fitness goals by contributing to a healthier, stronger, and more resilient you.

Amateur Boxing Off-Season Nutrition and Supplement Recommendations

Note that this is not medical advice, the information being shared here is from my research and information that I gained during my sport performance nutrition class. I highly recommend that you consult a Registered Dietician (RD) to assist you with your nutritional and supplemental needs that are required for your sport. As a retired athlete, looking back on my athletic career, my biggest regret was not working with an RD, especially because I was competing in a weight class sport.

Below is an infographic that you can use as a resource for nutritional and supplement recommendations for amateur boxing. It is labelled as off season because trying new supplements mid-season is not recommended. In the off season, you can see how your body responds to the supplement(s) and if they are appropriate for you. Remember that everyones needs are individual and there is never a one size fits all approach.